Older adults, people with long-term health conditions, those who are immunocompromised, pregnant women, and very young children can all become seriously unwell from flu.
Even when vaccinations have been taken (and they absolutely still matter), extra care is essential.
This guide is written for households who want to do the right, sensible things without panic, guilt, or turning daily life into an obstacle course.
Who is considered “vulnerable” to flu complications?
In UK health guidance, higher-risk groups include:
Adults aged 65 and over
People with heart, lung, kidney, liver, or neurological conditions
Those with diabetes
Anyone with a weakened immune system (including cancer treatment, long-term steroid use, or certain medications)
Pregnant women
Young children, especially under five
If someone in your household or family falls into one of these categories, flu should always be taken seriously.
Vaccination still matters — even when flu breaks through
A common and understandable frustration is:
“But they had the flu jab and still got ill.”
Flu vaccines are designed primarily to reduce severity and complications, not to guarantee complete protection.
Even in seasons where the circulating strains don’t match the vaccine perfectly, vaccination significantly lowers the risk of hospitalisation and serious outcomes.
Encouraging eligible loved ones to keep up with vaccinations remains one of the most effective protective steps.
Everyday protection that genuinely helps
You don’t need medical-grade routines — consistency is what counts.
Hand hygiene (the boring one that works)
Wash hands with soap and warm water for at least 20 seconds
Especially after coughing, sneezing, blowing noses, or caring for someone ill
Alcohol hand gel is useful, but soap and water are better when available
Shared spaces: small changes, big impact
Wipe down door handles, remote controls, phones, kettle handles
Avoid sharing mugs, cutlery, towels, or pillows during illness
Use separate bins or empty them frequently
Ventilation (yes, even in winter)
Fresh air reduces viral concentration indoors.
Open windows briefly several times a day
Ten minutes can make a meaningful difference without freezing the house
Masks: when they make sense at home
Masks aren’t necessary all the time — but they can be useful when:
Someone with flu symptoms is caring for a vulnerable person
Close contact can’t be avoided (helping with washing, dressing, medication)
A vulnerable person must be in shared spaces with someone unwell
A simple, well-fitting mask worn correctly can reduce risk without drama.
Managing visitors during flu outbreaks
This can feel awkward, but it’s important.
It’s reasonable to:
Ask visitors to postpone visits if they’re unwell
Request handwashing on arrival
Keep visits shorter and in well-ventilated rooms
Anyone who truly cares will understand.
Food, fluids, and energy: quiet protection
For vulnerable people, dehydration and exhaustion can worsen outcomes.
Support with:
Regular drinks (water, squash, warm beverages)
Nutritious but gentle foods (soups, stews, porridge)
Encouraging rest without pressure to “keep going”
Small, frequent intake is often better than large meals.
Antivirals: worth knowing about
In the UK, antiviral medicines such as oseltamivir may be offered to people at higher risk of complications if flu is suspected — especially if treatment can begin early.
Access is usually via:
NHS 111
GP services
Out-of-hours services
If a vulnerable person develops flu symptoms, don’t wait it out — ask for advice promptly.
Warning signs that need medical advice urgently
Contact NHS 111 or seek urgent care if a vulnerable person experiences:
Difficulty breathing or rapid breathing
Chest pain
Confusion or unusual drowsiness
Very little urine output or inability to keep fluids down
Symptoms that worsen after seeming to improve
High fever that isn’t settling
Trust your instincts — early advice can prevent serious complications.
Emotional care matters too
Illness can be frightening, especially for older or medically vulnerable people.
Reassure without minimising
Keep explanations calm and clear
Maintain routines where possible
Let rest be restorative, not isolating
Loneliness and anxiety can slow recovery just as much as physical illness.
A final word from That’s Health
Protecting vulnerable people during flu season isn’t about fear — it’s about thoughtful, practical care.
Vaccinations, hygiene, ventilation, rest, and early medical advice form a quiet safety net that genuinely saves lives.
If flu is circulating where you live, being cautious is not overreacting.
It’s caring.
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